ECE

An introduction to renewable energy policy from inception to current state of the industry. Deals with the evolution of policy from monopolistic to competitive marketplace. Study will include the various factors affecting this process.

The course introduces advanced topics in digital signal processing with an emphasis on applications. Topics include sampling, aliasing, data quantization, discrete time signals and systems, z-transform, discrete Fourier transform, Fast Fourier Transform, design of frequency selective digital filters, optimum filtering, all with real world applications to communications, radar, biomedical engineering and imaging fields.

Application of signal processing methods to analysis of biomedical signals. Introduction to human physiological signals, including cardiovascular, neurological, hemodynamic and muscular. Consideration of signal processing functions, including biomedical signal acquisition, frequency selective and optimal filtering, modeling and spectrum estimation, stationary and nonstationary signal processing. Pre-requisites: ECE 3225/3245 or ECE 5251 or ECE 7231 or equivalent.

Brief Review of ISO/OSI, TCP/IP reference models; TCP details: state machine, timers, optimizations, performance implications, congestion control, socket programming; queuing disciplines, QoS; IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth; Voice Over IP; Layer 7 switching: peer-peer and content distribution networks. Prerequisite: ECE 4470, or equivalent.

Solid state electronics concepts including semiconductor device physics, microelectronic fabrication, and SPICE modeling. Topics include quantum well structures, semiconductor physics, pn junctions, bipolar and field effect transistors, photolithography, oxidation, diffusion, and computer simulation of semiconductor devices.

Includes electrical conduction; optical, magnetic & superconductivity. Also includes energy bands in crystals, electron wave functions, electrical conduction in crystalline & non-crystalline materials, optical transitions in semiconductors, classical & quantum theory of magnetism. Open to graduate students & qualified undergraduates.

Practical methods for the conversion and measurement of physical quantities by the use of transducers and electronic circuits are discussed. The underlying technology of the typical electronic measurement system is studied. The role of analog interfaces, modifiers, A/D conversion, busses and digital interfaces in designing instrumentation is discussed.

Integrated Circuit Model, application of integrated circuits to the design of amplifiers, active filters, oscillators, modulators, regulators and analog systems.

Idealized power switching diodes and transistors; DC-DC converters; AC-DC rectifiers; DC-AC inverters; Magnetic circuits and elements (including inductors and transformers); soft-switching of power devices. Practical design of switch-mode DC power supplies, DC and AC motor drives.

Principles, applications, and engineering of micro- electromechanical systems. Various MEMS designs and fabrication technologies are studied that are currently employed in a wide range of devices for actuation, sensing, micro-fluid manipulations, and RF and optical applications. Projects using MEMS device layout and simulation tools. Laboratory exercises with simple MEMS actuating devices.

Real-time computation of digital signal processing, adaptive filtering, spectrum estimation; implementation on a real-time digital signal processing chip; chip architecture, assembly language, and arithmetic; consideration of real-time processing such as aliasing, data quantization, computational limitations, signal level limiting, scaling, and I/O handling.

Hardware implementation of real-time DSP. Parallel processing and architecture size/speed tradeoffs; Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) and the use of the VHDL design language; development tools and libraries; FPGA implementation of filters and filter banks multirate processors, digital communication system components, implementation of advanced signal processing functions

Building blocks of radio communication systems; modulators, mixers, narrow & broadband small signal amplifiers, oscillators & power amplifiers. Interstage matching networks in detail, practical design techniques. Present day communication systems used as examples.

The design of renewable energy systems. Topics include: Solar Thermal Energy, Photovoltaics, Bioenergy, Hydroelectricity, Tidal Power, Wind Power and Geothermal Energy.

Principles of operation, performance calculations, and industrial considerations of transformers and induction, synchronous, and dc machines.

Static behavior of the electric power system. The topics include balanced, three-phase systems, steady-state operation of transmission lines, transformer modeling, per-unit normalization, power flow analysis, symmetrical components, and balanced faulty analyses.

Introduction to space vectors, scalar speed and torque control of induction motors, space vector representation of ac motors, dynamic dq modeling of ac motors, introduction to vector control of ac drives. Pre-req. ECE 7805 or permission of instructor.

Graduate standing or consent of instructor.

Applied mathematics course tailored to the needs of EE graduate students. Topics: i) Complex variable theory, ii) Sturm-Liouville problem, eigen-function expansion and special functions, iii) Matrix theory, eigen value and diagonalization, iv) Fourier analysis, multi-dimensional Fourier series and transforms, and v) Partial differential equations. Various examples from engineering and physics will be incorporated as appropriate.

Linear transformations and linear optimization as applied to vector spaces. Topics include solution of linear algebraic equations, linear transforms and their matrices, system decomposition (diagonalization), nondiagonalization operators and Jordan form, inner products, orthogonal projection, and pseudoinverse.

Discrete and continuous random variables, conditional and joint distributions, random vector and stochastic processes, correlation and spectra of stationary processes under linear transformations, smoothing and prediction in mean square estimation. Prerequisite: Background in statistics and probability.

Concepts and techniques of reliability evaluation at both the component and systems levels. The material will be useful to engineers in any discipline who are involved in system design or system performance/safety evaluation. Topics: reliability function, hazard rates, MTTF; component reliability, reliability network modeling; decomposition, cut set/tie set, event space, and fault-free approaches to reliability evaluation; systems with repair, Markov process models, availability, frequency and duration concepts, MTBF; approximations to systems reliability; introduction to software reliability. Prerequisites: Background in probability theory or permission of instructor.

Fundamentals of digital image processing covering both analytical and practical foundations of working with 2-D images. Topics: digital image acquisition and definitions, image transforms, enhancement, restoration, and segmentation; electronic imaging and color; image encoding, compression, and graphic file formats; morphological processing. Computer projects implement classroom techniques and modern software tools are discussed.

Issues, algorithms and standards for the representation storage, and transmission of multimedia signals, including: low bit rate coding (e.g. JPEG, JEPEG2000) for still images, and MPEG-1, 2, 4 and 7 for digital video compression; audio compression via MP3 and H.261 video conferencing standard; multimedia content protection through digital watermarking, authentication by data hiding, encryption, content-based search and retrieval, multimedia communications over DSL and other broadband networks. Commercial and consumer multimedia products and systems.

Analysis and design of controllers for dynamic systems in both frequency domain and time domain. Topics extend over both classical and state space approaches; Bode, Nyquist, and Root locus designs; extensive usage of MATLAB and practical applications. Prerequisite: Undergraduate Background in System & Control

Basics needed by engineers in the design of automation and motion control. Topics: actuators, sensors, robot fundamentals, path control, and the Forth language together with its application to real-time motion control. Laboratory work is part of the course and leads to a complete robot-based job project.

Digital controllers for discrete-time systems. Topics include: Z transform, recursive equations; observers and Kalman filtering, pole placement, regulators and trackers. Special emphasis on usage of MATLAB for practical design applications. Prerequisites Undergraduate background in systems and control.

Computer components, subsystems, and their interaction. Instruction sets, central processing units, microprogramming, intersystem communications, interrupts, DMA, memory hierarchy, and operating system demands on hardware. Prerequisite: Undergraduate background in digital systems (equivalent to ECE 2042).

Topics include: concepts in nomadic computing and mobility; challenges in design and deployment of wireless and ad hoc networks; MAC issues, routing protocols and mobility management for ad hoc networks and networks of the future. Prerequisites: ECE 4470 or equivalent.

Hardware security topics including embedded systems security hardware Trojans, security in implantable medical devices, security in RFID/NFC, protection from side channel attacks, tamper resistance and crypto processor design, trusted FPGA design/JTAG, hardware-based cryptanalysis.

Introduction to modeling, designing, and analyzing cyber-physical systems (CPS), which tightly integrate computation, control, and communication. Topics: continuous and discrete dynamics, modeling of physical processes, state machines, sensors and actuators, models of computation, CPS architectures and software design, networked and distributed embedded systems, analysis and verification, security and privacy.

Introduction to software and hardware of modern high-performance computing platforms, including multi-core and many-core processors. Topics include: models of parallel computing and machine organizations, parallelization strategies and algorithms, task scheduling, parallel software design, GPU computing, interconnection networks, cache coherence, performance analysis, power-efficient design techiques.

Advanced study of hardware and software concepts necessary for the design of 32-bit micropressor-based systems. Topics: (for a widely-used 32-bit microprocessor) addressing modes, instruction set, input/output, and interrupts with examples taken from the areas of computer engineering, signal processing and communication. The course includes a student analysis/design project and laboratory work involving a 32-bit processor. Prerequisite: Undergraduate background in microprocessors (equivalent to ECE 3490).

Hardware system design and modeling including synchronous design techniques, modeling of systems and subsystems at various levels of detail, and the use of hardware descriptive languages. Presentation of a schematic capture tool, VHDL modeling and simulation, and SPICE simulation.

A hands-on course on software and architecture aspects of embedded systems. Topics include: embedded processor architecture, software architecture and development, communicating with I/O devices, firmware and operating systems, buses and embedded networks, memory technology and design, and low power design.

This course examines common low-level software vulnerabilities that take advantage of current system architectures. Mitigation strategies at the software level and the system level will be discussed and analyzed

Introduces students to advanced digital design and implementation using FPGAs (Field-Programmable Gate Arrays). Topics include VHDL & Verilog, FPGA architectures, programming technologies, design methodologies, simulation and synthesis, place and route, and timing analysis, which board and EDA tools are used to help students gain hands-on experience. Prerequisite: Digital/logic design and VHDL basics.

Design introduction to concepts of CMOS VlSI design. Design and layout concepts, properties of digitial circuits, scaling, and simulation. Emphasis is on deep submicron silicon system design and layout with circuit analysis. CAD tools are introduced and used throughout the course. A project is required. Prerequisite: ECE 7500 with permission of instructor.

Programming using the UNIX operating system, shells, utilities, and C. Emphasis on standards including the ISO/IEC C standard and the POSIX/IEEE Open Group Single Unix Specification.

Multidisciplinary approach to security including economics, psychology and ethics, addressing security threats in engineering fields such as network security, wireless attacks on micro-controllers, electronic and cyber warfare, e-voting, and side-channel attacks. Study of current research literature and an extensive student project.

Theory and practice of computer communications security, including cryptography, authentication, and secure electronic mail. Topics include secret and public key cryptography; message digests; password-based, address- based, and cryptographic authentication; privacy and authentication in email; PEM, PGP, and S/MIME. Use of various algorithms.

Introduction of Cloud Computing by covering fault tolerance and load balancing at the network, web server, enterprise bean server and data base server. Concludes by introducing non-relational solutions including Lucene and Map/Reduce. Working knowledge of JAVA, SQL.

Basic foundation of the post-quantum crypotographic engineering and recent advances in the field; introduces design and implementation techniques for the arithmetic unit and overall post-quantum cryptography on both hardware and software platforms, and side-channel attack skills.

Malware and cyber threats: computer network defense; software for Data Protection and Privacy, Security Information and Event Management (SIEM), Governance, Risk and Compliance (GRC); trusted computer systems and secure applications; identy and access management including biometrics; next generation security concepts.

Security risks of critical infrastructure systems such as electrical, pipelines, water, and transportation. Design and setup of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, Distributed Control Systems (DCS), and Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) systems. Security challenges and defense-in-depth methodology. Hands-on lab experiments.

Quantifying security in an unambiguous way using the Trusted System Evaluation Criteria. "Hacking" a system, developing and implementing countermeasures and threat removal, techniques for Access control, confidentiality, etc. Secure the network, web, enterprise and database, the Cloud and the Semantic Web.

Advanced Machine Learning covers three main areas: basic algorithmic foundations such as linear regression and neural networks, applications of machine learning in image classification and natural language processing, and hardware acceleration of machine learning using GPUs and customized silicon (e.g., TPU).

Fundamentals of vulnerability and risk assessment to mitigate and manage security risks. Analytical methodologies for information security risk assessment, test and evaluation. Practical experience with case studies and defense-in-depth concepts.

Malicious software detection and defenses including tripwire, Bit9, and other techniques such as signature and hash algorithms. Viruses, worms and Trojan horses, logic bombs, malicious web server scripts and software. Anatomy of well-known viruses and worms. Mobile code issues. Methodologies used by the anti-virus/spyware vendors and freeware.

Fundamentals of key topics in computing with an emphasis on applications. Operating systems, compilers, data structures, algorithms, and basics of systems/software engineering. Accelerated review of C programming. Applications of systems/software engineering focusing on object-oriented analysis and mobile application development.

Provides a technical analysis of distributed ledger technology (DLT) and application areas. Learn the process of mining and signing blocks using Proof of Work and Proof of Stake. Analyze problems best suited for public and and permissioned blockchains for distributed applications.

Security requirements and design principles for secure software development. Security issues in current applications, database systems and web systems. Identifying vulnerabilities, their impact, and solutions to securing them.

Legal rights and liabilities associated with computer security, information privacy; Rights enforceable by private parties; Liabilities associated by private parties and governments; Legal aspects of records management; Un-authorized computer use; Computer Fraud and Abuse Act; Trade Secrets; Economic Espionage Act; Civil Law Claims; Privacy; Export Control; Constitutional Rights; USA-PATRIOT Act; HIPAA, Gramm-Leach-Bliley; Digital Rights Management.

Fundamentals of behavior analytics using statistical predictive models, system dynamics modeling and decision analysis to determine how cyber attackers choose their attack vectors, why victims fail to secure their systems and how network traffic reveals when attacks my be occurring. Provide a set of valuable tools to address underlying human behavior in the rapidly evolving cybersecurity field.

Introduction to the application of forensic science principles and practices for collecting, preserving, examining, analyzing and presenting digital evidence. The capture/intercept of digital evidence, the analysis of audit trails, the recording of running processes, and the reporting of such information. Selected topics from the legal, engineering and information-technology domains. Lecture, tool explorations and hands-on experience along with written projects.

Cyber-Physical Systems include home automation and protection, connected vehicles, connected medical devices, drones, smart buildings and cities, and industrial control systems. Secure engineering of cyber- physical systems leading to a safer and more secure connected environment that also respects personal privacy. Improvement of security after deployment. Strategies for risk mitigation and emerging standards such as the NIST Draft Framework.

Recent developments in the field of smart sensor systems are reviewed. A systematic approach towards the design of smart sensor systems is presented. Smart sensor systems involving the measurement of physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, strain, acceleration, magnetic fields, etc. through the use of electrical, optical, and other transduction methods is discussed. The lectures include case studies.

Mixed analog and digital CMOS integrated circuit design devices: MOS devices, design, layout and simulation of digital and analog circuits including elementary logic and sequential machines, amplifiers, operational amplifiers, and analog signal processing and data conversion circuits. Projects using integrated circuit layout and simulation tools.

Introduction to photonic systems. Course begins with an overview of ray, wave, and gaussian beam optics. Examples of several optical components, relavent to photonic systems, are discussed utilizing methods developed for these three optical domains. Laser concepts and technologies are next reviewed with applications in Fourier optics. Specific examples include image processing, optical correlation, and holography. Also examined are several technologies covering electro-optical, optical switches, and holographic inter- connections with applications in optical computing systems. Prerequisites: Undergraduate Electromagnetic Theory, Differential Equations

Fundamental principles for design of integrated circuits for use at radio frequency using CMOS technology. Topics: introduction to communications circuits and parameters, issues in RFIC design: noise, linearity, filters, review of technology; fabrication process, MOSFET transistors, design, simulation and use of passive elements in the MOS process, impedance matching, amplifier design; and low noise and general gain circuits, mixers, oscillators, power amplifiers.

Principles of operation, terminal chacteristics and circuit implementation of various optoelectronic devices. Devices: light emitting diodes, semiconductor lasers, infrared photodetectors, optoisolators, charge coupled devices, solar cells, and optoelectronic switching. SPICE modeling of devices and circuits containing these devices will be emphasized.

Application of semiconductor power devices (e.g., power FET's SCR's, TRIAC's) with emphasis on high-reliability applications. Device characteristics; linear and switch-mode power supplies; voltage regulators; power amplifiers; high-current switching applications.

Beginning graduate course in electromagnetics. Material covered is a prerequisite for advanced course in applied electromagnetism. Topics: Maxwell's equations, boundary conditions, wave propagation, reflection and transmission, waveguides and transmission lines and cavity resonators.

Continuation of Engineering Electromagnetics I. Topics: scattering theory, moment methods, geometircal theory of diffraction and Green's functions as applied to electromagnetic problems.

Modern analysis and design techniques for use with microwave and millimeter-wave frequency range. Topics a review of Maxwell's equation; transmission lines and waveguides; planar guiding structures including stripline, microstrip, slotline and coplanar waveguides; scattering parameters and microwave network theory with applications to transmission line and waveguide junctions and obstacles; Impedance matching and tuning; examples of microwave passive devices including power dividers, couplers and hybrids. Prerequisite: Undergraduate Electromagentic Theory

Continuation of study of microwave passive devices and network theory covered in ECE 8670. Analysis and design of two and three terminal microwave solid-state devices and ciricuits such as mixers, frequency multipliers, oscillators, control circuits and amplifiers are covered. Included is the study of microwave filters, systems and ferromagnetic devices.

Fundamental principles of antenna theory and application to analysis and design of various antennas. Topics: antenna fundamentals including radiation from an ideal dipole, pattern, gain, polarization, antenna temperature, radar range equation and link budget calculations; analyses of wire and loop antennas; antenna arrays, analysis and synthesis; impedance concept and mutual coupling; broadband and frequency independent antennas; antenna radiation above ground, modes of propagation and multipath; numerical modeling of wire antennas using method of moments. System application of various antennas in radar, satellite and mobile communications. Prerequisite: Undergraduate Electromagnetic Theory

Continuation of Antenna Theory I. Topics: Method of Moments, Geometrical Theory of diffraction, aperture and horn antennas, microstrip and low profile antennas, reflector antennas, lens antennas, dielectric and leaky-wave antennas, application of high Tc superconductors to antenna systems. Review of mathematical and numerical techniques required for understanding advanced topics, modern trends in modeling and application of various antenna systems.

Basic topics in digital communications, including: modulation schemes, maximum likelihood symbol detection and sequence estimation, Viterbi algorithm, carrier and symbol synchronization, bandlimited channels, intersymbol interference modeling, channel equalization, MIMO systems, multiuser communications.

Fundamental problems in detection and estimation; statistical decision theory, techniques in hypothesis testing, and their performance analysis; parameter estimation for both deterministic and random parameters; exploring important applications of detection and estimation theory in radar, digital, and wireless communications.

Principles of cellular and wireless communication system, including frequency reuse, hand-off, interference and capacity; modulation techniques; propagation; channel modeling and equalization; diversity; multiple access techniques including FDMA, TDMA and CDMA; wireless standards (AMPS, IS-54, IS-95); digital cordless standards.

Radar systems are introduced in a framework of electronic systems integration which represents a unification of engineering theory and practice. A comprehensive set of radar principles are presented which form a foundation for the radar range equator. Systems applications are presented which illustrate the potentials and limitations of radar.

This course covers several topics on fifth generation (5G) of wireless systems with a specific focus on the physical layer and air interface technologies. 5G systems are being developed by industry for deployment starting in 2020. In comparison to 4G systems, 5G systems are to support for 10 times higher the peak data rate, 10 times lower latency, and 10 times higher number of connected devices. We then look at the opportunities and challenges introduced by using mmWave frequency bands, massive MIMO, cloud-RAN, and full-duplex communications. Pre-requisites: Undergrad Signal Processing and Communication.

Introduction to fiber and free space optical communication systems from a discrete and system perspective. Topics include : fiber optics waveguides, pulse dispersion and bandwidth computations, PIN and APD detectors. LED and LD optical sources, optical receiver designs, bit error rate estimation, and transmission link analysis. Also examined` are system requirements for space-based laser communication systems which include communication bandwidth as well as acquisition and pointing considerations. Prerequisites: Undergraduate electromagnetic theory, differential equiations.

Information theory, within the context of digital communications applications, as a means of bounding digital communication system performance. Topics in channel coding including block and convolutional channel coding, Trellis coded modulation, turbo coding and turbo trellis coded modulation.

The modern electric power infrastructure; manifestations of the smart-grid; two-way, smart revenue metering for system operating efficiencies, maximal utilization of renewable resources, improved power quality, and automated management of service disruptions; and evolving technologies offering security, reliability, and environmental sustainability of the electric infrastructure.

The focus of the course is the dynamic behavior of the electric power system. The topics include transient performance of ac machines, load-frequency and voltage control systems, economic operation, transient behavior of transmission lines, and transient stability. Prerequisites: ECE 7805 and ECE 7810 or approval from instructor.

Focus on the design and computer simulation of electric motors and variable speed drives. Topics to be covered include the design of synchronous, induction and permanent magnet motors; Park's transformation and D-Q modeling; CSI, VSI, 6-step, and PWM drive topologies. Modeling of various control strategies (including vector control) and stability of control loops will be covered. Design examples for high power (>1MW) applications will be provided.

An investigation of a current research topic under the direction of a faculty member. A written report is required. Needs Chairperson's Permission to register for course.

Supervised research in pursuit of thesis. Needs Chairperson's Permission to register for this course.

Continuation of ECE 9031.

The continuation of the Master Thesis Course, ECE 9031.

The continuation of the Independent Study Course, ECE 9030.

Independent student investigation of electrical engineering or computer engineering problem under the supervision of a faculty advisor; a written comprehensive report embodying the results of the project is required. Prerequisite: Consent of Chairperson

Advanced elective study of topics of current interest and importance in electrical engineering.

Individually supervised study on special topics in electrical and computer engineering. Prerequisite: Permission of department chairperson and faculty advisor.

Topics: linear systems; control theory; stochastic control, rigid body of dynamics, vibrating systems, basic probability and statistics. Given at King of Prussia, PA.

Topics: fluid mechanics, boundary layer theory, electromagnetic theory, switching theory, remote sensing information theory, random processes and statistical decision theory. Given at King of Prussia, PA.

Provides work experience for a graduate student who has been offered an opportunity to work in the electrical or computer engineering field in industry. Required for curricular practical training.